Should we abolish trial by jury?
I have just completed two weeks' jury service at Birmingham Crown Court. At the end of a case, the judge thanked us for having done our job and made the point that lots of people think we should get rid of jury trials. The judge in my case thought that was a bad idea - he is a fan of the jury system - but he did get me thinking.
Currently there is a split between the judge's role and the jury's. Judges decide on what law is relevant - can that bit of evidence be introduced? The jury decides the facts - is the defendant guilty or innocent? The alternative would be to adopt the procedure used in a number of European countries where the judge decides everything - facts and law.
There are a couple of significant downsides to jury service. The most obvious is that it is incredibly disruptive to jurors' lives - both at work and at home. The normal length of service is two weeks but complicated (and more important) cases can last a lot longer. It used to be that there were lots of ways that you could avoid serving. This tended to mean that, instead of being tried by a jury of your peers drawn from a genuine cross-section of society, alleged criminals were tried by a jury made up of people who weren't working for whatever reason, students (out of term time) and people with sympathetic and publicly-spirited employers. Certain jobs - solicitors being one - were completely exempt.
That all changed a few years ago with the government keen to ensure that juries were more representative of the whole community. Jurors are selected at random from the electoral roll. If you are registered to vote, you can be a juror. The question is whether you can really spare 6 months out of the year to be involved in that serious fraud case.
The other main criticism of jury trials is whether, especially in the case of complex frauds and the like, juries are the best people to decide guilt or innocence. The problem is that some of the alleged scams are so complicated that you need a PhD in financial fraud to understand what's going on.
On the other hand, I understand where the judge was coming from. Trial by jury is a long-held tradition in the UK and I for one think that it just feels right. The concern is whether we as a society are prepared to support jury trials as an institution. What do people think?
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Stuart, you have outlined the acknowledged pros and cons of jury service. But this is a blog. What happened to you? Any interesting cases? Did you feel that being a lawyer helped or hindered etc etc.
As a law teacher I've recently been teaching my 'A' level students about the role of juries and discussing the advantages and disadvantages of juries trying cases (well, 3% of all Criminal Cases in England & Wales).
I think the issue with juries is that they are completely inconsistent: one randomly selected group of 12 voters may be excellent at sifting the information presented; another 12 may struggle to understand the complexity of the evidence.
However, I do feel that in a truly democratic society that a jury holds a valuable position. It would be all but impossible for the state to incarcerate those it wants rid of when jurors are randomly selected. I always tell my students that juries are a bastion of constitutional freedom and maybe I'm starting to believe that myself.
Thanks Clifford and Julia.
Clifford: unfortunately there are quite strict rules on what jurors are allowed to say - in particular, you can't talk about the cases you were involved with so I'm not sure that I'm going to give you the information you are looking for. I can say that I don't think the fact that I am a lawyer made a difference. I have long since forgotten any criminal law I once knew and so I was in exactly the same boat as the rest of the jury. I spent my first week sitting in the jury waiting room - which was dull - and the second week on a trial. I found it to be a huge responsibility and quite draining. I am very glad to have done it but it is a huge (and important) responsibility.
Which brings me onto Julia's comments. I like the sound of "a bastion of constitutional freedom" - I think that's an excellent summary of why jury trials are a good thing.
Juries should not be abolished for a variety of reasons.
1. Jurors bring fresh eyes and ears to the courtroom. It is too easy to make quick determinations of guilt or innocence after hearing hundreds if not thousands of cases.
2. 12 people working together generally make better decisions than 1 person working separately.
3. Being convicted by one's peers is much easier for the public and the defendant to accept than conviction by someone (the judge) who is completely disimilar from them.
4. Jurors are beholden to no one and thus can make the tough calls.
5. Jury verdicts strengthen democracies, which is why South Korea and Japan have started to use them.
6. Finally, unlike grand juries and peremptory challenges, the abolishment of the jury would deliver a serious blow to the protections afforded the defendant under the Common Law.
Jury trial is not something that can be thrown away lightly - it's a constitutional right. Our constitutional rights are being eroded at a rapid pace - summary justice in the guise of parking fines, speeding tickets, etc. being the fastest growing erosion of constitutional rights. We need to reverse this process.
Thanks wonkotsane. I'm not sure I'd go so far as saying we need jury trials for parking fines. What's wrong with those being decided by magistrates?
Well, after much teaching from 'Julia', it seemed to have been drilled into me that juries, are, in fact a good idea, as they are cost effective and time effective, by enlarge.
However, the prospect of a judge making all of the decisions in a trial does not seem right to me. This country is a democracy, and by being a democracy, we follow the 'literal rule' in judicial precedent, we follow the words of parliament.
The idea of a judge making all the decisions in a trial, to me, seems to undermined the whole idea of democracy in out system of law, and an input from the public is needed in a trial to see current issues in places, such as the outer parts of cities, that the judge would not know anything about.
Thanks Andrew. I'm interested by your argument. Would you then want juries for civil trials as well? That might help with your concerns about democracy. Other countries (most obviously the USA) do have civil juries. I think (perhaps Mrs Shelton can help here) that we only have civil juries these days for defamation cases. I must also take issue with your suggestion that there are places in our cities that judges don't know anything about. That strikes me as a very sweeping generalisation.
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I finished my stint on jury service yesterday and am firmly of the opinion that juries are far more democratic. I was on two cases and the juries were truly representative of society with a broad age range, pretty equal in terms of gender and had a variety of ethnic backgrounds (despite being randomly selected).
I must admit to speaking to a number of people though who didn't want to be on a jury and who cracked jokes about finding a particular verdict quickly so that they could finish early. I also met one young chap who didn't want to be there and was pretty uneducated. How would you put someone like this on a fraud or embezzlement case?
Should it be that certain crimes perhaps have professional jurors who have reached a particular educational standard?
The first case I was on could not reach a majority verdict which was very disappointing to me and in the second case we decided on a unanimous 'guilty' verdict.
My problem is more to do with the soliciors. I'm sure some have missed their calling and really would be brilliant film actors. After being discharged from the second case I bumped into the defence solicitor around the corner. I didn't attempt to talk to him but he clearly recognised me and he laughingly said "you didn't take long to reach that verdict". From his tone and a couple of other innocuous comments it was clear he knew we had made the right decision in finding his client guilty.
I realise a defendent is entitled to get the best solicitor to defend them but it strikes me that the defence lawyer was so good in making us really think about it that, with another bunch of 12 jurors, a different decision could have been made purely because he was so good at his acting role and justice would not have been done.
Perhaps I'm naive but it seems to me they are more interesting in winning 'the game' and beating the opposition's solicitor than achieving the correct verdict to satisfy the community.
Thanks Julie. You raise some very interesting points. I’m pretty sure that the idea of selecting juries based on their exam grades (or however it was done) wouldn’t work in practice and I don’t think it’s a good idea. Jury service may not be perfect but being tried by a genuine cross-section of society (including people who may not want to be there) does seem better than any of the other alternatives.
So far as your concerns about solicitors are concerned, there are restrictions on what a solicitor and barrister can do (they can’t play the “game� for the sake of it) but I think the key point is that you as a juror were still able to make up your own mind. Isn’t that exactly what the community needs?
I think having a jury is a fair way of doing things.
i would really like to join this discussion,
as i am writing an essay about jury. I want to gather more information about the pros and cons of a jury trail, particularly i want to hear more from Miss Julia Shelton.
I personally believe that a jury system has its own benefit, as we can achieve the subtainial justice by having jury, and also formal justice by having a fair trail.
Haha, i am also doing an essay as im writing this in my legal studies class. this is my stimulus - "Juries should be abolished, as they no longer serve their purpose and cost the State of Queensland too much to convene." Obviously im from Australia but this debate has been very helpful in getting the pros and cons and others' opinions so thankyou if you have anything you would like to share with me or might help me haha you're welcome to. =]
Haha, i am also doing an essay as im writing this in my legal studies class. this is my stimulus - "Juries should be abolished, as they no longer serve their purpose and cost the State of Queensland too much to convene." Obviously im from Australia but this debate has been very helpful in getting the pros and cons and others' opinions so thankyou if you have anything you would like to share with me or might help me haha you're welcome to. =]
thanks Monique. I hope the essay was a success