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Whatever happened to the Export-Led Recovery?

By David Bailey on Aug 10, 12 10:50 PM in Economics


The UK's deficit on trade in goods grew to £10.1 billion in June, with exports down by 8.4% and imports by 1.2%. The deficit was well in excess of what had been predicted, and was the worst figure since the current run of trade statistics began in 1997.

The £10.1bn deficit in trade in goods was only partially offset by a £5.8bn surplus on services. Moreover, the trade gap for the second quarter (which gives a better picture of trade trends than volatile monthly figures) rose from £7.8bn to £11.2bn. In the three months to June, the overall value of exports fell by 2.7%, while imports were largely stable.

The bad news came as a big blow for the government which had been pinning hopes on exports helping to drag Britain out of recession. Meanwhile, after the economy contracted by a dismal 0.7% in the second quarter of 2012, the Bank of England cut its growth forecast for 2012 to zero. Even that is optimistic.

The poor trade figures also prompted calls for the government to provide more support for exporters struggling with falling demand overseas for their products. The British Chambers of Commerce (BCC) called on the government to boost infrastructure spending, to create a new investment bank and to assist more with trade, promotion and insurance.

It has a point, on a number of levels. Firstly, the UK lags other countries in terms of support offered to exporters - such as in short-term trade credit guarantees, and the dysfunctional banking system makes it difficult for small firms in manufacturing to access finance to export.

Secondly, the extended period of exchange rate over-valuation - as we saw in the 1980s and again in the late 1990s/early 2000s - meant that some UK exporters left overseas markets. While a 25% depreciation of sterling over 2008-9 helped them regain competitiveness, they then faced a 'sunk cost' of getting back into those markets. A period of under-valuation may be needed to help them do that, or in the absence of that, support from the government. That's been lacking.

Thirdly, we've anyway seen that depreciation boost begin to unwind recently, with sterling rising, against the euro in particular, where it's up by 15% this year. At the time of writing, the pound is trading at €1.267, just off the July peak of €1.29 but still higher than at any time since the financial crisis in late 2008. That has reduced the price competitiveness of UK exports.

And while the UK's export performance has been hindered by the eurozone crisis, a wider slowdown is now also having an impact. The Office for National Statistics said that Britain's deficit with the EU rose by £0.5 billion in June to £4.9bn, while the deficit with the rest of the world also widened by £1.3bn to £5.2 billion. For the second quarter of 2012, the EU deficit increased by £1.8bn to £14.1bn and the non-EU deficit grew by £1.5bn to £14.2bn (more detailed figures can be seen here).

While you would expect exports to Eurozone countries like Italy and Spain to be down, the fact that exports to the US and China also fell is alarming as UK exporters were being encouraged to look beyond the Eurozone for new markets. For example, car exports were down (by £0.2 billion in June), especially to China.

While some pointed to disruption to shipments caused by extra holidays for the Queen's jubilee, this misses the point. If ports were closed for a bank holiday then they weren't importing as well as exporting, and this shouldn't have had a profound impact on the trade figures.

The government, of course, had hoped that an ultra-tight fiscal policy would mean a loose monetary policy, low interest rates, more QE and a weak pound, thereby boosting exports and rebalancing the economy. It's not working out that way.

The recent PMI figures on manufacturing and the widening trade deficit both suggest that the much-hoped for rebalancing (to making things and exporting things) simply isn't happening, for a number of reasons.

Firstly it's because manufacturing is again in decline (the 'March of the Makers' is now firmly in reverse). Secondly because demand for UK goods is falling not only in the Eurozone but also further afield - including China. Thirdly, what's left of our wider manufacturing base simply doesn't have the capacity to help the UK export its way out of trouble.

Linked to this, we don't have enough of an industrial strategy that actively supports exporters; for example small firms in some sectors could potentially access overseas markets but can't gear up to do so because of the weaknesses of the banking system (hence the need for a new state-backed business bank and more support for exporters).

Back in June 2010 the incoming Chancellor George Osborne stated that "our policy is to raise from the ruins of an economy built on debt a new, balanced economy where we save, invest and export".

It hasn't worked. Since then the economy has actually contracted. Rebalancing has gone into reverse, investment has stagnated and exports are not growing. Current policies simply aren't working, even in terms of the government's own objectives.

Of particular note here is the point that rebalancing isn't going to happen automatically - we need a more active industrial strategy to push things along.

Professor David Bailey works at Coventry University Business School.


9 Comments

p kelly said:

Let's be honest with ourselves for a second. The United Kingdom is finished, as a functioning, viable economic entity.


The professor can no longer ignore the incessant terrible official data, however much he cheerled the calls of 'green shoots' and manufacturing/economic nascent recovery in the 2009-2011 period of 'mirage recovery', but he still can't/won't, for fairly obvious reasons, lay it on the line what this data, when taken with many others easily available to consult, tell us about the true state of 'UK plc'.


The obscene - I'll explain that below - trade data for June and Q2 2012 tells us part of it. But consider the following, which has been given no prominence in the mass media:


the June dataset from the Office for National Statistics also tells us that the production of 'wood and wood products' fell by 19.6% compared to June 2011, and the production of 'basic iron & steel' fell by 13.4%, compared to a year ago. source:
http://www.ons.gov.uk/ons/dcp171778_274942.pdf


And then there's this, to deliver the coup de grâce, so to speak:


the UK has the highest priced diesel in Europe and petrol is within a few cents of being the most expensive. source: http://www.clever-tanken.de


The June production data from the ONS was reported last week in the mass media as perversely being 'good news', as it was seen as possibly revising up the preliminary estimate of Q2 GDP by 0.1%, so from -0.7 to -0.6%.


What they didn't report was the fundamental collapse of basic, domestic, indigenous UK manufacturing, as shown by the two key manufacturing sub-groups above - the figures were flattered to a fall of 'only' 3% year on year overall, by basically flat vehicle and machinery sector output, both of which are overwhelmingly dominated by foreign-owned companies and are characterised by final assembly, 'screwdriver' operations in the UK, rather than highly vertically-integrated, local industrial networks, as still occur in Germany, Japan and even northern Italy.


'Wood and wood products(except furniture)' basically means construction lumber/timber, things like roof trusses, doors, floors and so on. What this tells us, contrary to the message peddled constantly by vested interests, in the BhamPost and elsewhere, is the depression-equating collapse of general construction activity in the UK. Bear in mind that June 2011 wasn't exactly a high base point for reference, certainly down around 30% minimum already on the bubble years of 2003-2007, certainly. A fall of near a fifth in an already depressed level means depression type scenario, or an entrenched and deepening slump, running into its now sixth year(from the collapse of Bear Stearns in July 2007), with no end in sight, in plainer speaking.


The collapse of 'basic iron and steel' output by 13.4%, again down from an already depressed June 2011 level compared to 2003-2007 period, tells us again that far from any real recovery in UK manufacturing/the economy generally, and the prospects of the average UK citizen, things are headed downwards faster, with an apparent further throttling back in production, in expectation of now no real recovery, driving a need to cut back on mounting-up unsold inventory, which would otherwise need to be released at firesale prices, which would almost certainly endanger the continuity of the whole business.


And then there's the price of fuel in the UK. Diesel, as we can all appreciate, is not just expensive for filling the private car, but ultimately affects the cost of almost everything, as it is used for transport and power. When a country sets out to have the most expensive fuel - which is what the powers that be in the UK have decided - is it any wonder that manufacturing is suffering and the UK runs a trade deficit in goods of over £100 billion each year, or around 8% of GDP, an entirely unsustainable figure? Who, in their right mind, would set up a new venture, a possible exporting company, in the UK with a background of the highest fuel prices in Europe, if not the world?


For the record, the price of a litre of diesel in the UK is now almost €1.80 equivalent (1.8 euros = £1.41). The average price across Europe is €1.45. Thirty-five cents is a hell of a difference when considering where to make things or where to set up a distribution operation, and so on. The British may point the finger at Spain as a basket case economically but at least its people and their businesses are 'only' paying €1.35/l.


For the record too, the price of petrol in UK is around €1.75 equivalent, or around twenty cents more than the European average, extortionate yes, thanks to the oil companies, City of London speculators and UK govt. taxation, but it is the price of diesel which is killing UK as a going economic concern particularly.


Which brings me to my last point on the professor's blog. I said the trade deficit figure was 'obscene'. Obscene because the UK populace has been deliberately hoodwinked into thinking they are a special case. Pretty much the rest of the world has pulled its horns in. The Eurozone, China, the BRICs, the US are all seeing reduced real consumer activity, as the word finally gets around that the supposed short-term 'credit crunch' of 2008 is actually a global economic enduring slump, caused by the deliberate, reckless creation of debt in the bubble years of 2001-2007 especially, which has now impaired, i.e. it's nearly worthless, and cannot be revived, even by lying about 'marking to market' by the infinite printing of money by the main central banks.


A rational people would rein in their spending in such times of economic dislocation, thereby reducing the trade deficit, as so much of consumer spending in the UK goes on imported manufactures, as has happened in the eurozone and the US particularly. But no. Thanks to a peculiarity of the British consumer, and encouraged by a mass media that has told them that 'recovery is around the corner', perpetually, for the last four years, and the printing of hundred of billions of pounds, i.e. counterfeiting of the coin of the realm, by the Bank of England, and its political leaders telling the little people that the UK is a 'safe haven', all this has led to, perversely, the UK pound gaining some 15% on the euro, thereby making exports more expensive and imports cheaper, at a time of an already huge, structural trade gap, so being directly contrary to economics theory, which calls for depreciation/devaluation of a currency to re-balance trade, and has egged on a credulous UK consumer to actually step up their purchasing, perversely, as some kind of patriotic duty to get tghe country going again, and god forbid, not to be seen by their peers, especially in the all-important to the the marketeers age demographic of 18-35, as a skinflint, not ready to keep up with the purchase of the latest sweatshop-made iTat or other shiny bauble. How sad.


But the worst of all this is the cynical, deliberate propagandising of the little people in the UK by its elite, its supposed leaders, who are paid out of the taxpayers' money to look out for the country's greater interest. For example, each rise in new car registrations in the UK, as happened just last week for July, is greeted and reported as 'a huge boost for UK', and 'contrary to the gloom of slumping sales in 'loser-Europe' the plucky UK consumer is getting out there and showing confidence in Britain', or some such other disgraceful piffle, by putting himself up to the eyeballs in debt, for some invariably foreign-made, foreign-owned product.


You know the world, or at least the UK has gone mad, when, as a particularly galling example, you have an outfit passing itself of as British, to the naive patriotic consumer, Vauxhall, flogging a Spanish-assembled car(Opel Corsa), by a wholly taxpayer bailed out US company, General Motors, which otherwise would be long bankrupt, the purchase financed on the effectively never-never, 'sub-prime' basis, 60 months/0% APR/minimal deposit, by a Spanish bank, Santander, that has already received billions of euros in backdoor bailouts by the money printing of the European Central Bank, which as collateral receives 'assets' which are worthless, and when it all goes truly belly up for Santander, GM (again), and the Ponzi economy generally, the call will once again go up, by the usual suspects, for the Taxpayer to bail out the to-big-to-fail banks, once again, until total collapse, like the fall of the Soviet Union, or worse, violent insurrection and return to barbarism, like the fall of Rome.


The UK mass media and the UK's elite generally have led the UK consumer up the garden path, with outright lies and deception, as to the real economic situation of the country. If the people had been informed properly you would have seen a gradual reduction of the huge, unsustainable trade gap, and a fall in the value of the pound, to somewhere near its true exchange worth. The UK would have followed the path of other developed countries; not been the glaring outlier.


As this is not in the interests of the rulers of the UK - as has been shown most clearly recently the UK's real economic role and only raison d'être in the 21st century is a money laundering, financial fraud and tax evasion centre for the world's mega rich - this will never happen. One could blame a feckless consumer splurging the credit card on ultimately worthless trinkets, to be in with the crowd/rest of the sheep, and being desperate to get on 'the property ladder', at a time of a collapsing housing bubble, but ultimately it is the leaders, politicians, 'great and the good' and their 'fellow-travellers' in the mass corporate media that have wrecked the UK, and its last chance at righting a sinking ship, by throttling back on consumption, of imported goods in particular, and accepting a drop in living standards, before rebuilding, literally and metaphorically, for the greater good. That is why the trade data and what lies behind it is obscene.

p.kelly said:

Following on from the theme of the propagandising of the little people by the elite in the UK to promote, nay, compel the unending, unsustainable consumption of vast amounts of unaffordable imports, at a time of unprecedented economic collapse in the base domestic economy, when one looks one sees this same lying, deception and diversion practised on the general population in the UK pretty much everywhere, everyday in the UK mass media.


It should go without saying that the Olympics has been used by the UK's elite nakedly and unashamedly as classic 'bread and circuses' for the masses, to divert attention away from the actual situation of the country and the degenerating lot of the vast majority of its people. In fact, most educated observors, in the UK and abroad, have been jaw-droppingly shocked by just how naked and aggressive that outright brainwashing has been, led by the taxpayer-funded BBC, aimed at the little people, to a level and a pitch that would surely have been the object of admiration for Stalin's totalitarian regime. Bear in mind that the Olympics splurge of circa £13bn - some estimates put it as high as £20bn - has almost certainly directly contributed to the already huge and widening UK trade gap, as pretty much everything from volunteers' uniforms to large amounts of hardware almost certainly came in from overseas. Then there's the less well publicised fact that the UK has one of the lowest participation levels in sport in Europe, third bottom, where surely that £13-20bn would have been better spent on encouraging mass activity in the general population, instead of spending £40+ passively watching well-paid professional sportsmen kick a ball around, and perhaps reduce the increasing obesity in the UK's population, which is shocking, compared to only 20 years ago.


If we take the Olympics as a given, in how it was predicted to be used by the elite, we can still see examples elsewhere almost daily. Take just today: a report came out from the EEF, engineering employers federation, which ran with the headline that 'Industry looks to re-shore production in response to supply risks'. Sounds good for UK manufacturing, right? Except if you read the details of the EEF's survey's outcome, it actually says: 'Around a quarter of manufacturers have seen an increase in the use of suppliers outside the UK in the past two years.' Er, doesn't that directly contradict and undermine the EEF's own report headline? Not to worry, within a few minutes the UK's mass media have taken the disingenuous headline and run it on their early morning news broadcast bulletins/websites. Job done! Another day of deceiving the sheep and kicking the can of facing up to reality down the road. see for yourself the spin masters at work: http://www.eef.org.uk/releases/uk/2011/Industry-looks-to-re-shore-production-in-response-to-supply-risks-.htm


Take another example from just last Friday, reported prominently here on the BhamPost website. The BirminghamPost ran with this:


'First quarter profits at Jaguar Land Rover up 32 per cent to £333m' http://www.birminghampost.net/birmingham-business/birmingham-business-news/businesslatest/2012/08/10/first-quarter-profits-at-jaguar-land-rover-up-32-per-cent-to-333m-65233-31590222/


Besides the point that the Trinity Mirror group journalist, Enda Mullen, got the report entirely wrong - he meant Quarter 2(Apr-Jun), not Q1 figures, being reported from Tata Motors, it still sounds pretty good, right? Er, not quite. See this, a report on exactly the same Q2 financial reporting by JLR's owner, Tata Motors:


'Tata profit misses estimates on slowing JLR sales' http://europe.autonews.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/20120809/ANE/120809828/1283/tata-profit-misses-estimates-on-slowing-jlr-sales


Who to believe? Enda Mullen and the BhamPost, or Bloomberg and Automotive News? Hmm.


For the record, the BhamPost said JLR earned £333m, it actually earned £236m, but the main point was not give or take a £100m, it was the direction of travel of JLR's sales, especially in the key Asian markets, that was concerning investors in and analysts of Tata Motors, from its reliance on JLR's up till now buoyant profits. From Bloomberg direct, last Friday:


' Tata Motors Shares Decline After Profit Misses Estimates - Tata Motors Ltd. (TTMT), the Indian owner of Jaguar Land Rover, fell for a second day in Mumbai trading as slowing demand for luxury vehicles in Europe led the company to report profit that missed analysts’ estimates. Credit Suisse Group AG cut its rating on the stock, citing concerns the British luxury-vehicle unit faces pressure to lower prices in markets including China. Jaguar Land Rover Chief Executive Officer Ralf Speth is facing pressure to revamp Jaguar’s aging designs and increase Land Rover’s appeal beyond the hit-model Evoque after sales growth slowed last quarter. “Demand is clearly slowing for JLR on uncertainty in Europe,” said Basudeb Banerjee, an analyst with Quant Broking Pvt in Mumbai. “The next quarter too may be lackluster and the third quarter will be crucial.”' http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2012-08-10/tata-motors-shares-decline-after-profit-misses-estimates.html

How could the same news be reported so differently in the BhamPost, to predominantly Midlands/UK website readers to that in the wider, global financial press of Bloomberg and well-regarded motor industry specialist publication Automotive News? Could it be that the actual news was not actually glowingly positive for JLR, and Mr Mullen put his spin on it, to make it look better? Surely not! Surely yes. The UK's little people are being shafted daily by a disgraceful and without scruples media. I rest my case.

Mr Srutineer said:

Paul Kelly you're absolutely correct, but you're wasting your time as Professor Bailey's blogs simply follow a political agenda, and just like a politician, he never ever answers a direct question when he is asked one.

For example, he was a fan of Advantage West Midlands and stated that it was a big mistake abolishing them as they supported manufacturing/SME's and that they had many "experts" that would now be needed? However, despite asking him on numerous occasions how much money (to the nearest million) they gave to SME's he simply cannot give us the answer. Also, what has happened to all their "experts"? As far as I can tell the majority have just moved to other parts of the public sector, so obviously their "expertise" wasn't wanted by the private sector. So why was he so vocal in his support of them?

Professor Bailey talks about the need for an infrastructure bank, but he can't tell us how it would be funded? Would it be funded with elephants, zebras, or cabbages? He has stated that employment would be increased by having a temporary reduction in NI, but he doesn't seem to understand that companies only recruit when there is an increased demand for their products. He also states that we need to support exports, but he can't tell us specifically how. Anyone can make bold statements, but it's a different matter putting your "ideas" into action and making them actually work, and not just become another waste of public money.

Also, the Professor (and others), keep mentioning JLR as some sort of huge example of a "manufacturing" success story. However, as I have stated it will not remain a "success story" and the majority of the assembly/production will move abroad within the next ten years. What will Professor Bailey and Co say then? Will they admit that they were wrong? I doubt it.

I said a long time ago that China's demand would fall, and surprise surprise the Professor mentions it now after it has started to actually happen. It's not rocket science and could easily have been seen as being on the cards by anyone with an ounce of common sense and business knowledge.

I've also mentioned to the Professor that it is only a matter of time before the markets begin to look at the state of the UK's economy and debt. The public sector is still too big and largely unproductive. UK Plc is essentially bankrupt and there is much worse to come, but the Professor simply cannot accept this. His answer to everything is to throw more public money at the problem, without even thinking about value for money, or even if it is going to actually work.

The fact that Professor Bailey knows nothing about real business is not surprising. As far as I can see he has never ran a business in his life, or for that matter "worked" outside of academia.

UK Plc is bankrupt and essentially finished. As always, a tiny minority will do okay out of it, but for the majority, things will "never be so good again"....

Regards,
Mr Srutineer.

p kelly said:

Mr Srutineer,


I would post a longer response, but it appears my contributions are now subject to 'the blog author's permission'. But if this gets through this will suffice:


those who can, do, those who can't, (teach) go into business schools.


Cheers.

Mr Srutineer said:

P Kelly, don't worry about the problem with, "the blog author's permission". I get that alot. Maybe someone doesn't like matters being debated?

All the best,
Mr Srutineer.
PS. Apologies, I called you "Paul" in error in my original submission without knowing if your name is Paul.

This is a topic that is near to my heart... Many thanks! Exactly where are your contact details though?

Thanks for the post.Much thanks again. Great.

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